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Skew lines - pedia, the free encyclopedia Www M Wife En B%C3%ADtov (Znojmo District)

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(or other non-degenerate tetrahedron). Lines that are coplanar either intersect or are parallel, so skew lines exist only in three or more dimensions.

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[edit] Explanation

If each line in a pair of skew lines is defined by two points, then these four points must not be coplanar, so they must be the vertices of a tetrahedron of nonzero volume; conversely, any two pairs of points defining a tetrahedron of nonzero volume also define a pair of skew lines. Therefore, a test of whether two pairs of points (a,b) and (c,d) define skew lines is to apply the formula for the volume of a tetrahedron, V = (1/6)ยท|det(aโˆ’b, bโˆ’c, cโˆ’d)|, and testing whether the result is nonzero.

If four points are chosen at random within a unit cube, they will almost surely define a pair of skew lines, because (after the first three points have been chosen) the fourth point will define a non-skew line if, and only if, it is coplanar with the first three points, and the plane through the first three points forms a subset of measure zero of the cube. Similarly, in 3D space a very small perturbation of two parallel or intersecting lines will almost certainly turn them into skew lines. In this sense, skew lines are the "usual" case, and parallel or intersecting lines are special cases.

[edit] Configurations of multiple skew lines

A configuration of skew lines is a set of lines in which all pairs are skew. Two configurations are said to be isotopic if it is possible to continuously transform one configuration into the other, maintaining throughout the transformation the invariant that all pairs of lines remain skew. Any two configurations of two lines are easily seen to be isotopic, and configurations of the same number of lines in dimensions higher than three are always isotopic, but the same is not true for configurations of three or more lines in three dimensions (Viro and Viro 1990). The number of nonisotopic configurations of n lines in R3, starting at n = 1, is

1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 74, ... (sequence A110887 in OEIS).

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